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Spanish-English Dictionary Online

From An Elementary Spanish Reader, by Earl Stanley Harrison.


VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
adj., adjective. inter., interjection.
adv., adverb. m., masculine.
art., article. neut., neuter.
coll., colloquial. p. p., past participle.
cond., conditional. pers., personal.
conj., conjunction. pl., plural.
dim., diminutive. prep., preposition.
Eng., English. pres., present.
excl., exclamation. pres. p., present participle.
f., feminine. pret., preterit.
fam., familiar. pro., pronoun.
fut., future. reflex., reflexive.
imp., imperfect. sing., singular.
impers., impersonal. subj., subjunctive.
impv., imperative. 1, 1st person.
ind., indicative. 2, 2d person.
infin., infinitive. 3, 3d person.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


A
a to, at, on
abandonado p. p. of abandonar
abandonar to abandon, leave
abeja f. bee
abierto p. p. of abrir; open
abrasaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. abrasando pres. p. of abrasar
abrasar to burn
abrazo m. embrace
abre impv. sing. abrieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of abrir
abril m. April
abrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of abrir
abrir to open, unlock
abrirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of abrir
abuelo m. grandfather; como mi abuelo like my grandfather (fam. Eng.) your grandmother
acabar to finish
acabó 3 sing. pret. ind. of acabar
acariciar to caress, stroke, pet
acarició 3 sing. pret. ind. of acariciar
acaso perhaps
aceptar to accept
acepto 1 sing. pres. ind. of aceptar
acerca de about, concerning
acercarse to approach
acercó 3 sing. pret. ind. of acercar
acercose = se acercó
acertar to hit the mark, succeed
ácido acid, sour
acierta 3 sing. pres. ind. aciertan 3 pl. pres. ind. of acertar
acompañar to accompany
acompañe 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of acompañar
acostarse to go to bed
acredita 3 sing. pres. ind. of acreditar; se acredita de malo it is assuredly bad
acreditar to assure, prove, credit
activo active
adelante ahead, forward; los de adelante those ahead
ademán m. gesture, manner, attitude
además adv. besides; además de prep. besides, over and above
adentro within, inside
adiestraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of adiestrar
adiestrar to guide, lead; adiestrarse to exercise one's self
adivinanza f. riddle
advertir to notify
afán m. zeal, eagerness
afanarse to toil excessively, to work hard
afano 1 sing. pres. ind. of afanar
agrio sour
agua f. water
aguardando pres. p. of aguardar
aguardar to wait for, await
aguardiente m. brandy
agudo sharp, shrill
Aguilar m. name of place
agujero m. hole
ah ah
ahogar to drown
ahogaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ahogar
ahora now
aire m. air
al to the, at the; al (+infin.) on, upon; al ver on seeing
Alá m. Allah (Arabic word for God); que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you
alaba 3 sing. pres. ind. of alabar
alabar to praise
alarma f. alarm
alazán m. sorrel horse
alcaide m. governor of a castle
alcalde m. mayor
alcoba f. bedroom
Alejandro m. Alexander
algo something
alguien somebody
alguno some; pl. some, a few
Aliatar m. name of man
aliento m. breath
almuerzo m. lunch, breakfast
Alora f. name of place
alto high, tall
allá there
allí there; por allí over there
amable amiable
amiga f. friend
amigablemente amicably, in a friendly manner
amigo m. friend
amo m. master
amordazar to gag
amordazó 3 sing. pret. ind. of amordazar
ancho wide, broad
anda 3 sing. pres. ind. of andar
andar to go, walk
anécdota f. anecdote
ángel m. angel
animal m. animal
anoche last night
anterior preceding
antes adv. before, first; antes de prep. before
antoja 3 sing. pres. ind. of antojar
antojarse to take it into one's head
añadió 3 sing. pret. ind. of añadir
añadir to add
año m. year; el año que viene next year; hace tres años three years ago; cuántos años tenía how old he (she) was
aparecer to appear
aparecía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. apareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of aparecer
apariencia f. appearance
aplaude 3 sing. pres. ind. aplauden 3 pl. pres. ind. of aplaudir
aplaudir to applaud
apreciamos 1 pl. pres. and pret. ind. of apreciar
apreciar to value, esteem
apreciaré 1 sing. fut. ind. of apreciar
aprender to learn
aprendido p. p. of aprender
aprensión f. apprehension, fear
aprisa quickly
aprisionar to imprison
aprisionasen 3 pl. imp. subj. of aprisionar
aprobar to approve
aprueba 3 sing. pres. ind. of aprobar
aquel, aquella that; pl. aquellos, aquellas those
aqueste this
aquí here; he aquí behold, here is (are); hasta aquí as far as this
árabe Arabian
árbol m. tree
ardilla f. squirrel
ardor m. great heat
arma f. arm, weapon
arquitecto m. architect
arreglar to arrange
arriba above
arruinado p. p. of arruinar
arruinar to ruin
arte m. art
asegurar to assure, assert
aseguro 1 sing. pres. ind. of asegurar
así so, thus; así que as soon as
asnal adj. donkey
asombro m. amazement
astro m. heavenly body, sun, star
astuto cunning
asunto m. affair, matter
asustado frightened
asustar to frighten
atigrado tiger-colored
atrás backward, behind; los de atrás those behind
atreve 3 sing. pres. ind. of atrever
atreverse to dare, venture
atrevían 3 pl. imp. ind. atrevido p. p. atreviese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. atrevió 3 sing. pret. ind. atrevo 1 sing. pres. ind. of atrever
aunque although, even if
autor m. author
ave f. bird
avisar to notify
avisaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of avisar
ayer yesterday
ayudar to aid, assist
azul blue

B
bah bah
bailar to dance
bailarín m. dancer
bajar to go down
bajaron 3 pl. pret. ind. bajo 1 sing. pres. ind. bajó 3 sing. pret. ind. of bajar
bajo adj. low
bajo prep. under
baldosa f. flat stone
banco m. bench
barato cheap
barbo m. barbel
barco m. boat
barranco m. ravine
barro m. clay, mud
bastante enough, quite, sufficiently
batalla f. battle
bebe 3 sing. pres. ind. bebió 3 sing. pret. ind. of beber
beber to drink
bellota f. acorn
bendición f. blessing
beneficio m. benefit
bestia f. animal, beast
bien well; pues bien well then, very well; está bien all right; qué bien how well; bien va first-rate
bienes m. pl. property
bígamo m. bigamist
bisabuelo m. great-grandfather
blanco white
blando soft
bodas f. pl. marriage, wedding
Bolondrón m. name of man
bonito pretty
bordado embroidered
borracho m. drunkard
borrico m. ass, donkey
borriquito m. dim. of borrico
bosque m. wood, forest
bramar to roar
bramó 3 sing. pret. ind. of bramar
bravo inter. bravo
brazo m. arm
breve short
brida f. bridle
brillaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of brillar
brillar to shine
brío m. spirit, vigor
brotar to bud; issue, come out
bruja f. witch
bruto m. brute, animal
bueno good, well
burro m. ass, donkey, burro
busca f. search
buscado p. p. of buscar; buscó 3 sing. pret. ind. of buscar
buscar, to look for, search
busto m. bust

C
caballero m. gentleman, knight; sir
caballo m. horse
cabeza f. head
cabo m. end
Cabra f. name of place
cachorro m. cub
cada each, every; cada uno each
cae 3 sing. pres. ind. of caer
caer to fall
caído p. p. of caer
caliente hot
calor m. heat, warmth; hace (hacía) calor it is (was) hot; hace (hacía) mucho calor it is (was) very hot
caluroso warm
calla impv. sing. of callar
callar to be silent
calle f. street
calló 3 sing. pret. ind. of callar
cama f. bed
camarada m. comrade
camarero m. waiter
cambiaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of cambiar
cambiar to change, exchange
cambiaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of cambiar
cambio m. change, exchange; en cambio on the other hand
caminado p. p. of caminar
caminar to walk
camino m. way, road; ponerse en camino to set out
campana f. bell
campaña f. campaign
campo m. field, country
Cándido m. name of man
canjear to exchange
cansa 3 sing. pres. ind. of cansar
cansado tired
cansar to tire; cansarse to get tired
canso 1 sing. pres. ind. of cansar
cantar to sing; m. singing
cántaro m. large pitcher; llover a cántaros to rain hard, pour
canto m. song, singing
capitán m. captain
cara f. face
carbonero m. coal-man
Carcabuey m. name of place
cárcel f. prison, jail
carga impv. sing. of cargar
cargamento m. cargo
cargar to load
cargó 3 sing. pret. ind. of cargar
caricia f. caress
cariño m. affection, love
carne f. flesh, meat
carretera f. high-road
carroza f. coach
carta f. letter
casa f. house; en casa at home; a casa home
casaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. casado p. p. of casar
casarse (con) to marry
casarán 3 pl. fut. ind. casaré 1 sing. fut. ind. casaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. casaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of casar
casi almost
caso m. case, matter
castigo m. punishment
casualidad f. chance, accident
católico Catholic
caudillo m. chieftain
causa f. cause; a causa de on account of
cayó 3 sing. pret. ind. of caer
cédula f. slip of paper
celebrar to celebrate
celebraron 3 pl. pret. ind. celebren 3 pl. pres. subj. celebró 3 sing. pret. ind. of celebrar
cena f. supper
cenar to sup, have supper
cenizas f. pl. ashes
centro m. centre, middle
cerca de near
cerdo m. pig, swine
cielo m. sky, heaven
cien see ciento
ciento one hundred; por ciento per cent
cierto certain
cinco five
cincuenta fifty
cinta f. ribbon, band
circunstancia f. circumstance
ciudad f. city, town
cobardemente in a cowardly manner, treacherously
cochero m. coachman
coger to take, pick, gather; coger de to seize by
cogió 3 sing. pret. ind. of coger
colar to filter, pass, steal into; se hubo de colar began to pass
colmenar m. apiary
colmillo m. tusk
colocar to place; colocarse to be placed
colocó 3 sing. pret. ind. of colocar
colono m. farmer, tenant
combatir to fight
come 3 sing. pres. ind. comen 3 pl. pres. ind. of comer
comenzar to begin
comenzó 3 sing. pret. ind. of comenzar
comer to eat, dine; comerse to eat up; dar de comer to feed
comerá 3 sing. fut. ind. of comer
comerciante m. merchant
comete 3 sing. pres. ind. of cometer
cometer to commit
comía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of comer
comida f. food; dinner, meal
comido p. p. of comer
comienza 3 sing. pres. ind. of comenzar
cómo how, what
como like, as
cómodo comfortable, cozy
compañera f. companion
compañero m. companion
comparación f. comparison
comparar to compare
comparó 3 sing. pret. ind. of comparar
compás m. pair of compasses; a compás in time, in regular time
compasión f. pity, compassion
compra impv. sing. of comprar
comprador m. buyer, purchaser
comprar to buy
comprender to understand; ya lo comprendo now I understand it
comprendiendo pres. p. comprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. comprendo 1 sing. pres. ind. of comprender
compró 3 sing. pret. ind. of comprar
comunicar to communicate
con with; con que so that, so then
conceder to grant
concederé 1 sing. fut. ind. concedes 2 sing. pres. ind. of conceder
concluido p. p. of concluir
concluir to finish, end
concluyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of concluir
conde m. count
condición f. condition; pl. conditions, terms
conduce 3 sing. pres. ind. of conducir
conducir to lead, take
conejo m. rabbit
confesaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of confesar
confesábase = se confesaba
confesar to confess
confesor m. confessor
confirmación f. confirmation
conmover to move, affect
conmovió 3 sing. pret. ind. of conmover
conoce 3 sing. pres. ind. of conocer
conocer to know, be acquainted with
conocerá 3 sing. fut. ind. conocería 1 and 3 sing. cond. conoces 2 sing. pres. ind. conocía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of conocer
conocimiento m. knowledge; pl. acquirements
conoció 3 sing. pret. ind. conozca 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. conozco 1 sing. pres. ind. of conocer
consecuencia f. consequence
consentir (en) to consent (to)
consentiría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of consentir
conseguir to obtain, succeed
consejo m. advice
consentimiento m. consent
conservar to keep
conservó 3 sing. pret. ind. of conservar
consiente 3 sing. pres. ind. of consentir
consigo with himself, with him
consiguió 3 sing. pret. ind. of conseguir
consintió 3 sing. pret. ind. of consentir
consistía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of consistir
consistir (en) to consist (of)
construido p. p. of construir
construir to build
construyese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of construir
consuelo m. comfort, consolation
contar to relate, tell
contento, content, satisfied
contestación f. reply
contestar to answer, reply
contestó 3 sing. pret. ind. of contestar; contestó que sí he answered yes
contigo with you
continuar to continue
continuó 3 sing. pret. ind. of continuar
contó 3 sing. pret. ind. of contar
contra against
contrariado disappointed
convertido p. p. of convertir
convertir to convert; convertirse to be converted
convidar to invite
convidó 3 sing. pret. ind. of convidar
convierte 3 sing. pres. ind. of convertir
cornisa f. cornice
corre 3 sing. pres. ind. of correr
correctamente correctly
correr to run
corría 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of correr
corrido p. p. of correr; abashed, ashamed
corriente f. current
corrieron 3 pl. pret. ind. corrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of correr
cortaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. cortado p. p. cortando pres. p. of cortar
cortar to cut, cut off
cortaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of cortar
corte f. court; hacer la corte to pay attentions to
cortedad f. timidity, diffidence; con muy poca cortedad with great effrontery
cortesía f. politeness; con cortesía politely, courteously
cortina f. curtain
cortó 3 sing. pret. ind. of cortar
cosa f. thing
creas 2 sing. pres. subj. of creer
crecer to grow, rise
crecido p. p. of crecer
cree 3 sing. pres. ind. of creer; se cree it is believed
creer to believe
creí 1 sing. pret. ind. creía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of creer
creo 1 sing. pres. ind. of creer; ya lo creo well I should say so
creyendo pres. p. creyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of creer
criado m. servant
cruz f. cross
cruzar to cross
cruzase 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of cruzar
cuadro m. picture
cuál which, what; el cual who, which
cuando, cuándo when
cuánto how much
cuarenta forty
cuartel m. quarter
cuarto m. quarter, fourth; room
cuatro four; a las cuatro at four o'clock
cubil m. den
cubría 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of cubrir
cubrir, cubrirse to cover
cuclillo m. cuckoo
cucú imitation of the cuckoo's note
cuchara f. spoon
cuchillo m. knife
cuenta f. account; echar sus cuentas to consider seriously
cuento m. story
cuestión f. question
cuidado m. care; con cuidado carefully; tener cuidado to be careful, to be alarmed
cura m. priest
curar to cure

D
D. abbreviation of don
da impv. sing. or 3 sing. pres. ind. daba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. dado p. p. dan 3 pl. pres. ind. dando pres. p. of dar
danza f. dance
daño m. injury, damage
dar to give; dar un paso to take a step; dar un paseo to take a walk; dar de comer to feed
daré 1 sing. fut. ind. das 2 sing. pres. ind. of dar
dé 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of dar; déme de cenar give me supper
de of, from; del of the
debajo de under
debe 3 sing. pres. ind. debemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of deber
deber to owe; ought, must, should
debes 2 sing. pres. ind. debían 3 pl. imp. ind. debo 1 sing. pres. ind. of deber
decía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of decir
decidió 3 sing. pret. ind. of decidir
decidir, decidirse to decide
decir to say, tell
declarar to declare
declaró 3 sing. pret. ind. of declarar
dedo m. finger
deforme deformed
deja 3 sing. pres. ind. of dejar; se deja quemar lets itself be burned
dejan 3 pl. pres. ind. of dejar
dejar to let, allow
dejas 2 sing. pres. ind. dejó 3 sing. pret. ind. of dejar
delante adv. before, ahead; delante de prep. before, in front of
demás; lo demás the rest
demasiado too, too much
dentro de inside of, within
derecho straight, right
derramaban 3 pl. imp. ind. of derramar
derramar to pour out; derramarse to be scattered, spread
derrotar to rout, put to flight
derrotó 3 sing. pret. ind. of derrotar
desaparecer to disappear
desapareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of desaparecer
desaprobaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of desaprobar
desaprobar to disapprove
desarmado p. p. of desarmar
desarmar to disarm
descansar to rest
descender to descend
descendiendo pres. p. descendió 3 sing. pret. ind. desciende 3 sing. pres. ind. of descender
desconsolado disconsolate, downcast
descuidado careless, negligent, carelessly
desde from, since
desea 3 sing. pres. ind. deseaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. deseado p. p. of desear
desear to desire, wish
deseo m. desire
desesperado in despair
desesperarse to be in despair
desesperas 2 sing. pres. ind. of desesperar
desgracia f. misfortune
desgraciado unfortunate; desgraciado de Vd. unfortunate man!
despachar to send away
despachó 3 sing. pret. ind. of despachar
despedida f. farewell
despertar to awake
despertó 3 sing. pret. ind. despierta impv. sing. of despertar
después adv. afterwards, then; después de prep. after; después que conj. after; poco después shortly after
destinado destined, intended
destreza f. dexterity, nimbleness
detener, detenerse to stop
detiene 3 sing. pres. ind. of detener
detrás de behind
detuvieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of detener
devastar to devastate, lay waste
devastaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of devastar
devolver to return; devolvérselo to return it to you (see vocabulary under se)
día m. day; a los pocos días after a few days; vivir al día to live from hand to mouth; todos los días every day; ocho días one week
diablo m. devil
dice 3 sing. pres. ind. of decir; se dice it is said, they say
dicen 3 pl. pres. ind. dices 2 sing. pres. ind. diciendo pres. p. of decir
dicha f. happiness.
dicho p. p. of decir; dicho esto having said this
diente m. tooth
dieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of dar
diestro skilful
diez ten
diga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of decir; dígale tell him
dijeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of decir
dijo 3 sing. pret. ind. of decir; dijo que sí he said yes
diligencia f. stagecoach
dinero m. money
dió 3 sing. pret. ind. of dar
Dios m. God
dirán 3 pl. fut. ind. diré 1 sing. fut. ind. of decir
dirección f. direction
dirigían 3 pl. imp. ind. dirigió 3 sing. pret. ind. of dirigir
dirigir to direct, address; dirigirse to direct oneself, turn toward, apply to
disponer to dispose, arrange
dispuso 3 sing. pret. ind. of disponer
disputa f. dispute
distinguir to distinguish
diversión f. amusement
doce twelve; a las doce at twelve o'clock
dócil docile
doctor m. doctor
dominio m. dominion
don m. a title preceding Christian names
don m. gift
donde, dónde where; a donde where, whither; en donde where
dormía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of dormir
dormido p. p. of dormir; asleep
dormir to sleep; dormirse to go to sleep, fall asleep
dormirás 2 sing. fut. ind. of dormir
dos two; las dos two o'clock; dos veces twice
doscientos two hundred
doy 1 sing. pres. ind. of dar
dudar (de) to doubt; llegué a dudar (de) I was really in doubt
dude 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of dudar; no dude Vd. don't doubt
dudo 1 sing. pres. ind. of dudar
dueño m. owner
duerma 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. duerme 3 sing. pres. ind. of dormir
durante during
duro hard; pan duro stale bread
duro m. dollar

E
e and. Used instead of y before i or hi
echar to throw, pour, put; echarse to throw oneself down, to lie down; echar sus cuentas to cast up accounts, to consider seriously; echar plantas to brag, boast
echaron 3 pl. pret. ind. echó 3 sing. pret. ind. of echar
edad f. age; la de más edad the oldest, elder
edificio m. building
efecto m. effect; en efecto indeed, in fact
efigie f. effigy, image
efusión f. effusion, emotion
ejemplo m. example; por ejemplo for example
él he; him (after a preposition)
el the; el que he who, the one who; el de that of
elemento m. element
eleva 3 sing. pres. ind. of elevar
elevar to raise; elevarse to rise
ella she; (after a preposition) her, it
ellos they; (after a preposition) them
embarcar to embark, embarcarse to embark, go on shipboard
embestir to assault, rush against
empeño m. earnest desire, determination
emperador m. emperor
empezado p. p. of empezar
empezar to begin
empezaron 3 pl. pret. ind. empezó 3 sing. pret. ind. of empezar
emplean 3 pl. pres. ind. of emplear
emplear to use
empuñar to grasp
empuñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of empuñar
en in, on
encantado enchanted
encantamiento m. enchantment
encender to light
encendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of encender
encerrado p. p. of encerrar
encerrar to lock up
encerrarían 3 pl. cond. encerraron 3 pl. pret. ind. of encerrar
enciende impv. sing. of encender
encierro m. imprisonment
encontrado p. p. of encontrar
encontrar to meet, find
encontraron 3 pl. pret. ind. encontré 1 sing. pret. ind. encontró 3 sing. pret. ind. encuentra 3 sing. pres. ind. encuentran 3 pl. pres. ind. encuentre 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. encuentren 3 pl. pres. subj. encuentres 2 sing. pres. subj. of encontrar
enemigo m. enemy
enfermedad f. illness
enfermo ill, sick; m. patient
enojado angry, vexed, in bad humor
ensayaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ensayar
ensayar to rehearse, practise
enseñando pres. p. of enseñar
enseñar to teach, show; enseñarles to teach them
entender to understand; entender de to be a judge of
entenderá 3 sing. fut. ind. entiendes 2 sing. pres. ind. of entender
entonces then; por entonces at that time
entra 3 sing. pres. ind. of entrar
entrada f. entrance
entran 3 pl. pres. ind. of entrar
entrar (en) to enter, go in
entraría 1 and 3 sing, cond.; entraron 3 pl. pret. ind. entré 1 sing. pret. ind. of entrar
entre between, among; entre sí within himself; por entre among
entregar to deliver, hand over
entristecido saddened
entró 3 sing. pret. ind. of entrar
envejecer to grow old
enviado p. p. of enviar
enviar to send
envidioso envious
envió 3 sing. pret. ind. of enviar
era 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. eran 3 pl. imp. ind. of ser
erección f. erection
eres 2 sing. pres. ind. of ser
es 3 sing. pres. ind. of ser; es que the fact is that
escalera f. stair
escena f. scene
escoger to choose, select
escogió 3 sing. pret. ind. of escoger
esconder to hide, conceal
esconderé 1 sing. fut. ind. escondido p. p. escondió 3 sing. pret. ind. of esconder
escondite m. hiding-place
escriba 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. escribe 3 sing. pres. ind. escribía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. escribieron 3 pl. pret. ind. escribió 3 sing. pret. ind. of escribir
escribir to write
escribo 1 sing. pres. ind. escrito p. p. of escribir
escritor m. writer
escrúpulo m. scruple
escuadrón m. squadron, troop
escuchando pres. p. of escuchar
escuchar to listen
ese (-a -os -as) that; pl. those
eso that; por eso therefore, so
espada f. sword
espantar to frighten; espantarse (de) to be astonished (at)
espanto 1 sing. pres. ind. of espantar
España f. Spain
especie f. kind
espectáculo m. spectacle
espera impv. sing. esperaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. esperando pres. p. of esperar
esperanza f. hope
esperar to await, wait for, hope, expect
esperaré 1 sing. fut. ind. espero 1 sing. pres. ind. of esperar
esposa f. wife
esposo m. husband; los esposos husband and wife
espuela f. spur
está 3 sing. pres. ind. of estar; está bien all right
estaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. estaban 3 pl. imp. ind. estado p. p. están 3 pl. pres. ind. of estar
estanque m. pond
estar to be
estaré 1 sing. fut. ind. estás 2 sing. pres. ind. of estar
este (-a -os -as) this; pl. these
éste (-a -os -as) this one, the latter
estimaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of estimar
estimar to esteem, value
esto this
estoy 1 sing. pres. ind. of estar
estrechar to press
estrechó 3 sing. pret. ind. of estrechar
estuve 1 sing. pret. ind. estuvo 3 sing. pret. ind. of estar
etc. etc.
Europa f. Europe
exactamente exactly
examen m. examination
examinando pres. p. of examinar
examinar to examine
examinaron 3 pl. pret. ind. examinó 3 sing. pret. ind. of examinar
excelente excellent
exclama 3 sing. pres. ind. exclamaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. exclamando pres. p. of exclamar
exclamar to exclaim
exclamó 3 sing. pret. ind. of exclamar
excusar to excuse
explicar to explain
explicó 3 sing. pret. ind. of explicar
extranjero m. stranger
extraviado out of the way
Extremadura f. a province of Spain

F
fabricar to manufacture, make
fabricas 2 sing. pres. ind. of fabricar
fabulilla f. little fable
falda f. slope (of mountain); skirt (of woman)
falta f. lack
fama f. reputation, fame
familia f. family
famoso famous
fastidioso tiresome
favor m. favor, compliment
favorable favorable
fe f. faith; a fe que in truth
febrero m. February
feliz happy
felizmente happily, safely
feo ugly
feria f. fair
feroz fierce, ferocious
fiaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of fiar
fiar to trust
fiel faithful
figura f. form, figure
fijar to fix
fije 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of fijar; fije Vd. fix
fin m. end; al fin at last
finca f. estate, property
fingió 3 sing. pret. ind. of fingir
fingir to feign, pretend
flanco m. side
flauta f. flute
flautista m. flute-player
flor f. flower; flor de lis fleur-de-lis, iris
fonda f. inn, restaurant
formal serious, earnest
forman 3 pl. pres. ind. of formar
formar to form
fortuna f. fortune
fósforo m. match
frecuentado frequented, travelled
frío cold; m. cold; hace frío it is cold; hace mucho frío it is very cold; hacía frío it was cold
frívolo frivolous
fue 3 sing. pret. ind. of ser or ir; se fue he went away, went off
fuego m. fire
fuera de outside of
fueron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ser or ir; se fueron they went away, went off
fuerte strong
fuga f. flight
fugarse to run away, flee
fui 1 sing. pret. ind. of ser or ir
furioso furious

G
galgo m. greyhound; y muy galgos and very much greyhounds
galopar to gallop
galope m. gallop; a galope tendido at full gallop
gallina f. hen
gallo m. rooster, cock
gamo m. deer, buck
ganaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ganar
ganar to gain, earn
ganga f. bargain
ganso m. goose
garboso graceful, elegant
gastado p. p. gastan 3 pl. pres. ind. of gastar
gastar to wear, spend; gastarse to wear out, be spent
gastaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of gastar
generosamente generously
generoso noble, generous
gente f. people
gobernador m. governor
golpe m. blow; de un golpe at one blow
golpear to strike, hit, hammer
Gómez m. name of man
gordo fat
gota f. drop
gracia f. grace; pl. thanks
gran see grande
grande great, large; m. grandee
gris gray
grita 3 sing. pres. ind. gritando pres. p. of gritar
gritar to cry
gritó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gritar
gruñir to growl
gruñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gruñir
guapo m. gallant, beau
guardar to guard, keep
guarde 1 and 3 pres. subj. of guardar; que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you; guarde esta sentencia un autor let an author keep this judgment in mind
guardia f. guard
guisado m. stew, fricassee
gustar to please
gustaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of gustar
gustaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of gustar; le gustaron they pleased him, he liked them
gusto m. pleasure, taste
gustó 3 sing. pret. ind. of gustar; le gustó it pleased him (her), he (she) liked it

H
ha 3 sing. pres. ind. of haber; ha de is to, has to, shall, should
haber to have
había 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of haber; impers. there was, there were
habían 3 pl. imp. ind. of haber
habilidad f. ability, talent
habitación f. room
habitante m. inhabitant
hablaban 3 pl. imp. ind. hablado p. p. hablan 3 pl. pres. ind. hablando pres. p. of hablar
hablar to speak
hablaremos 1 pl. fut. ind. hablaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of hablar
hable 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of hablar; hable Vd. speak
habrán 3 pl. fut. ind. habrían 3 pl. cond. of haber
hace 3 sing. pres. ind. hacen 3 pl. pres. ind. of hacer
hacer to do, make; hacer la corte to pay attentions to; hacer de persona to exalt oneself, show off; hacer pedazos to break into pieces; hacer una pregunta to ask a question; hace frío (calor) it is cold (hot); hace mucho frío (calor) it is very cold (hot); hacía frío (calor) it was cold (hot); hace (hacía) sol the sun is (was) shining; hace mal tiempo the weather is bad; hace muchos años many years ago; hace tres años three years ago; hace mucho tiempo a long time ago
haces 2 sing. pres. ind. hacía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of hacer
hacia toward
haciendo pres. p. of hacer
hacha f. axe
haga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of hacer; haga Vd. do
hagan 3 pl. pres. subj. of hacer; que lo hagan have them make it
hago 1 sing. pres. ind. of hacer
hallado p. p. hallando pres. p. of hallar
hallar to find
hallarás 2 sing. fut. ind. hallo 1 sing. pres. ind. halló 3 sing. pret. ind. of hallar
hambre f. hunger; tener hambre to be hungry; tener mucha hambre to be very hungry
han 3 pl. pres. ind. of haber; han de are to, have to, must
hará 3 sing. fut. ind. haré 1 sing. fut. ind. of hacer
has 2 sing. pres. ind. of haber; has de you are to, you must
hasta prep. until, as far as, up to; hasta que conj. until; hasta aquí as far as this
hay there is, there are; no hay que one (you) must not; no lo hay there isn't any
he 1 sing. pres. ind. of haber
he: he aquí behold, here is (are)
hecho p. p. of hacer
herido p. p. of herir
herir to wound, strike
hermana f. sister
hermano m. brother
hermoso beautiful, fair
hicieron 3 pl. pret. ind of hacer
hidalguía f. nobleness, liberality
hierba f. grass
hierbecillas f. pl. grass, blades of grass
hierro m. iron
hija f. daughter
hijo m. son; pl. children; hijo mayor eldest son; hijo menor youngest son
hirió 3 sing. pret. ind. of herir
hizo 3 sing. pret. ind. of hacer
Holanda f. Holland
hombre m. man
honor m. honor
honrar to honor
hora f. hour
horma f. shoemaker's last
hospital m. hospital
hospitalidad f. hospitality
hoy to-day; desde hoy from to-day on
hu-u-u-u imitation of the sound of the wind
hubo 3 sing. pret. ind. of haber; hubo de exclamar exclaimed, went on to exclaim; se hubo de colar began to pass (into)
huele 3 sing. pres. ind. of oler
huerto m. garden
huir to flee, run away
humano human
húmedo wet, damp
huyendo pres. p. huyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. huyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of huir

I
iba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of ir
ida f. going
ido p. p. of ir
iglesia f. church
ignorante ignorant
igual equal, uniform, unchangeable
igualmente equally
impetuosísimo very impetuous, rushing, raging
impetuoso impetuous
importa 3 sing. pres. ind. of importar
importante important
importar to matter, be important
imposible impossible
indispensable indispensable
individuo m. individual, person
infame infamous, vile
infinito infinitely, exceedingly
inflamado p. p. of inflamar
inflamar to inflame, inspire
informar to inform; informarse to find out
ingenuamente ingenuously, frankly
inglés English; m. Englishman
ingrato ungrateful, ingrate; harsh, disagreeable
inminente imminent
inmóvil motionless
insaciable insatiable, never satisfied
insistió 3 sing. pret. ind. of insistir
insistir to insist
instante, m. instant, moment; al instante at once, immediately
interés m. interest
interpretaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of interpretar
interpretar to interpret
intransitable impassable
inundar to flood
inundaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of inundar
invadir to invade
invasión f. invasion
invención f. invention
inventar to invent
invento 1 sing. pres. ind. of inventar
ir to go; irse to go away, go off; irse a pique to sink, founder
irrita 3 sing. pres. ind. of irritar
irritar to irritate; irritarse to become irritated, angry
Isabel f. Isabella
izquierdo left

J
jabalí m. wild boar
Jalma m. name of man
jamás never
jardín m. garden
jefe m. chief
José m. Joseph
joven young; m. young man; f. girl, young woman
Juan m. John
juez m. judge
Julieta f. Juliet
junto together; junto a near, close to
jurar to swear
juro 1 sing. pres. ind. of jurar
juzgado m. court

L
la pers. pro. she, it
la f. the; la que she who, the one who; la de she of, that of, she who was
lacre m. sealing wax
lado m. side; por todos lados on all sides
ladrón m. robber, thief
lamentación f. lament, cry
lamentar, lamentarse to lament, grieve
lamento m. moan, cry
Lamsaco m. Lampsacus (in ancient geography, a city of Asia Minor on the Hellespont)
lanza f. lance
largo long
las pl. of la the; las de those of
las, pers. pro. them, you
lavaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of lavar
lavar to wash
le him, to him, to her, you, to you
leal loyal
Leal m. name of Aliatar's horse
lección f. lesson
leche f. milk
lecho m. couch, bed
leer to read
legua f. league
leído p. p. of leer
lejos far
lengua f. tongue, language
leña f. firewood
les to them
lesna f. awl
letrero m. sign, notice
levantar to raise, lift; levantarse to rise, get up
levantaron 3 pl. pret. ind. levantó 3 sing. pret. ind. of levantar
libertad f. freedom, liberty; poner en libertad to set free
librar to free
libre free
libren 3 pl. pres. subj. of librar
liebre f. hare
ligereza f. swiftness, fleetness
lis f.: flor de lis fleur-de-lis, iris
lo pers. pro. him, it
lo neut. art. the; lo que what, that which, which
Loja f. name of place
loro m. parrot
los pl. of el the
los pers. pro. them, you
lucir to show, display
luchando pres. p. of luchar
luchar to struggle
luego then, therefore
lugar m. place, village
lugareño m. villager
lujoso luxurious
luz f. light

Ll
llamaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. llamado p. p. of llamar
llamar to call, knock; llamarse to be called; me llamo my name is
llamaré 1 sing. fut. ind. llamo 1 sing. pres. ind. llamó 3 sing. pret. ind. of llamar
llave f. key
llega 3 sing. pres. ind. llegan 3 pl. pres. ind. llegando pres. p. of llegar
llegar to arrive; al llegar on arriving
llegaron 3 pl. pret. ind. llego 1 sing. pres. ind. llegó 3 sing. pret. ind. llegue 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of llegar
llegué 1 sing. prt. ind. of llegar; llegué a dudar I really doubted
lleno full
lleva impv. sing. of llevar; llévatela take it along
lleva 3 sing. pres. ind. llevaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. llevando pres. p. of llevar
llevar to carry, take, wear, bear; llevarse to carry off
llevaré 1 sing. fut. ind. llevaría 1 and 3 sing. cond. llevaron 3 pl. pret. ind. llevase 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. llevasen 3 pl. imp. subj. lleve 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of llevar
lleven 3 pl. pres. subj. of llevar; llévense carry away
llevó 3 sing. pret. ind. of llevar
llorando pres. p. of llorar
llorar to weep, cry
llover to rain; llover a cántaros to rain hard, pour
llovía 3 sing. imp. ind. llueve 3 sing. pres. ind. of llover
lluvia f. rain

M
madre f. mother
Madrid m. Madrid (capital of Spain)
madriguera f. burrow, den
magnífico magnificent, splendid
majestad f. majesty
mal m. harm, injury
mal adj. see malo
mal adv. badly, ill
malo bad, ill
mandado p. p. of mandar
mandar to order, command; send; mandar hacer to have made; mandar quemar to order to be burned
manera f. manner, way; de la misma manera in the same way; de esta (esa) manera in this (that) way
mango m. handle
maniatado p. p. of maniatar
maniatar to tie one's hands, manacle
manifestar to state, inform
manifestó 3 sing. pret. ind. of manifestar
mano f. hand
mantener to support
mañana f. morning; adv. to-morrow; por la mañana in the morning
mar m. sea
marido m. husband
marinero m. sailor
marchar to march, go; marcharse to go, go off
marcharon 3 pl. pret. ind. marchó 3 sing. pret. ind. of marchar
martillo m. hammer
marzo m. March
mas but
más more, most
mata f. bush, shrub
matado p. p. of matar
matar to kill
matara 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. matas 2 sing. pres. ind. of matar
matasiete m. killer of seven, seven-killer
mato 1 sing. pres. ind. mató 3 sing. pret. ind. of matar
matrimonio m. marriage
mayor greater, greatest, larger, largest, older, oldest
me me, to (for) me
medalla f. medal, medallion
mediano medium, medium-sized
medias f. pl. stockings
medicina f. medicine
médico m. doctor
medio half, mid; media noche midnight
meditar to consider, meditate
meditó 3 sing. pret. ind. of meditar
mejor better, best
menear to stir, shake; menearse to stir about, "hustle"
meneo 1 sing. pres. ind. of menear
menor smaller, younger, youngest
menos less, least
menospreciado p. p. of menospreciar
menospreciar to underrate, despise
merece 3 sing. pres. ind. of merecer
merecer to deserve
mereces 2 sing. pres. ind. merecía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of merecer
mes m. month
mesa f. table; poner la mesa to set (lay) the table
metamorfosis f. metamorphosis, transformation
meter to put; meterse to get in; meterse detrás de to get behind
metió 3 sing. pret. ind. of meter
mezquino mean, paltry, poor
mi my
mí me
miedo m. fear; tener miedo to be afraid
mientras while, as long as
mieses f. pl. crops
mil a thousand
minuto m. minute
mío mine, my; el mío mine
mira 3 sing. pres. ind. miraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of mirar
mirada f. look, glance
mirando pres. p. of mirar
mirar to look at; mirar por to look out of
miren 3 pl. pres. subj. of mirar; mírenlo Vds. look at him
miró 3 sing. pret. ind. of mirar
miserable wretched; m. wretched man
miseria f. poverty
mismo same; lo mismo que the same as, as well as
modesto modest
modo m. mode, manner; de tal modo in such a way; del propio modo in the same way
molinero m. miller
momento m. moment; importance
mona f. monkey
moneda f. coin
montar to mount
monte m. mountain
montó 3 sing. pret. ind. of montar
mordaza f. gag
moribundo dying
morir, morirse to die
morirás 2 sing. fut. ind. moriré 1 sing. fut. ind. moriréis 2 pl. fut. ind. of morir
moro m. Moor
mosca f. fly
mosquito m. mosquito
motivo m. motive
mover, moverse to move
moveré 1 sing. fut. ind. movía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of mover
movimiento m. movement
movió 3 sing. pret. ind. of mover
mozo m. porter
muchísimo very much
mucho much; pl. many
muebles m. pl. furniture
muerte f. death
muerto p. p. of morir
mueve 3 sing. pres. ind. of mover
mujer f. woman, wife
mundo m. world
murió 3 sing. pret. ind. of morir
música f. music
muy very

N
nada nothing; not at all
nada 3 sing. pres. ind. of nadar
nadar to swim
nadie no one, nobodynado 1 sing. pres. ind. of nadar
natural natural
necesario necessary; todo lo necesario everything necessary
necesidad f. necessity
necesita 3 sing. pres. ind. of necesitar
necesitar to need
necio m. fool
negado p. p. of negar
negar to deny; negarse (a) to refuse
negocios m. pl. business
negro black; m. negro
nevar to snow
ni nor, not even; ni ... ni neither ... nor
nieve f. snow
ninguno no, none; no one
niña f. girl, child
no no; not
noble noble; m. noble
noche f. night; de noche, por la noche at night
nombrado celebrated, famous
nombre m. name
norte m. north
nos us, to us
notar to note, observe
noticia f. news
notó 3 sing. pret. ind. of notar
noventa ninety
noviembre m. November
novio m. lover, fiance
nube f. cloud
nuestro our, ours, of ours
nueve nine
nuevo new; de nuevo again
número m. number
nunca never

O
o or; o ... o either ... or
o, oh inter. oh
obedecer to obey
obedeció 3 sing. pret. ind. of obedecer
obligar to oblige, compel
obligó 3 sing. pret. ind. of obligar
obra f. work
obrero m. workman
obsequiar to entertain, show attention; obsequiar a porfía to show rivalry in entertaining
obsequiaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of obsequiar
observar to observe
observó 3 sing. pret. ind. of observar
obtener to obtain
ocasión f. occasion, opportunity
oculta 3 sing. pres. ind. of ocultar
ocultar to hide, conceal
ocurrido p. p. of ocurrir
ocurrir to happen, occur
ochenta eighty
ocho eight; ocho días a week
oficial m. officer
oficina f. office
oficio m. work, trade, business
ofrecer to offer, promise
ofrecieron 3 pl. pret. ind. ofreció 3 sing. pret. ind. ofrezco 1 sing. pres. ind. of ofrecer
oír to hear; al oír on hearing
ojo m. eye
oleaje m. surge, waves
oler (a) to smell (of)
olvidado p. p. olvidando pres. p. of olvidar
olvidar to forget
olvide 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of olvidar; no olvide Vd. don't forget; olvidó 3 sing. pret. ind. of olvidar
olla f. pot, kettle
ora ... ora now ... now
orden f. order; a las órdenes under the command
ordinario ordinary; de ordinario usual
oriente m. East, orient
orilla f. bank, shore; a orillas on the shore
oro m. gold
oscuro dark; a oscuras in the dark
oso m. bear
otoño m. autumn
otro other, another; otra vez again; otro tanto as much more
oveja f. sheep
oyeron 3 pl. pret. ind. of oír
oyó 3 sing. pret. ind. of oír; oyó las dos he heard two o'clock strike

P
paciente patient
padre m. father
pagado p. p. of pagar
pagar to pay
pagó 3 sing. pret. ind. of pagar
país m. country
pájaro m. bird
palabra f. word; tener palabra to keep one's word
palacio m. palace
pan m. bread; pan tierno fresh bread; pan duro stale bread
panal m. honey-comb
pañuelo m. handkerchief
papá m. papa
para for, in order to; para que in order that
paraguas m. umbrella
parece 3 sing. pres. ind. of parecer
parecer to seem, appear; parecerse a to look like; qué le parece a Vd. what do you think of, how do you like
parecerá 3 sing. fut. ind. parecía 3 sing. imp. ind. parecían 3 pl. imp. ind. pareció 3 sing. pret. ind. of parecer
pariente m. relative
parte f. part; en ninguna parte nowhere, not anywhere; por todas partes everywhere
pasa 3 sing. pres. ind. pasaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of pasar
pasado p. p. of pasar; past
pasar to pass; pasar de to be more than, exceed; al pasar on passing
paseaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of pasear
pasearse to take a walk, ride, drive
paseo 1 sing. pres. ind. of pasear
paseo m. walk; dar un paseo to take a walk
pasmar to stun, astound; pasmarse to be astounded, stunned
pasmaron 3 pl. pret. ind. of pasmar
paso m. step, passage; dar un paso to take a step
pasó 3 sing. pret. ind. of pasar
patata f. potato
patio m. court-yard
pato m. duck
pavo m. turkey
paz f. peace, tranquillity
peana f. pedestal
pecado m. sin
pedazo m. piece; hacer pedazos to break into pieces
pedía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. pedido p. p. of pedir
pedir to ask, ask for, order
Pedro m. Peter
peinar to comb; peinarse to comb one's hair
peine m. comb
peinó 3 sing. pret. ind. of peinar
peligro m. danger, peril
pena f. pain, grief
penoso painful, laborious
pensaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. pensando pres. p. of pensar
pensar (en) to think (of), intend
peor worse, worst
pequeño small, little
perder to lose
perderás 2 sing. fut. ind. of perder
perdido p. p. of perder; me he perdido I am ruined; se me ha perdido he is lost
perdonar to pardon
perdone 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of perdonar; perdóneme Vd. pardon me
perdono 1 sing. pres. ind. of perdonar
Pérez m. name of man
perfecto perfect
perito expert
perjudica 3 sing. pres. ind. of perjudicar
perjudicar to damage, injure, be prejudicial
permanecer to remain
permaneció 3 sing. pret. ind. of permanecer
permiso m. permission
permiten 3 pl. pres. ind. of permitir
permitir to permit, allow
pero but
perseguir to pursue
persiguieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of perseguir
persona f. person; hacer de persona to exalt oneself, show off
perro m. dog
pesar m. sorrow; a pesar de in spite of
peseta f. peseta, franc
piamontés m. Piedmontese (one from Piedmont, a region in northwestern Italy)
pícaro villanous, mischievous
picapedrero m. stone-cutter
picarón m. rascal, rogue
pide 3 sing. pres. ind. pidiendo pres. p. pidió 3 sing. pret. ind. of pedir
pie m. foot
piedra f. stone
pierda 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of perder
pilar m. column
pillan 3 pl. pres. ind. of pillar
pillar to seize, catch
pintor m. painter
pique m. pique; irse a pique to founder, sink, go to the bottom
plano m. plan
planta f. plant; echar plantas to brag, boast
plantar to plant
planté 1 sing. pret. ind. of plantar
plata f. silver
plato m. plate
plazo m. period, time
plebeyo plebeian; m. plebeian, commons
pleito m. law-suit
pluma f. pen
población f. town
pobre poor; el pobre the poor man; los pobres the poor (people, animals, etc.); pobre de mí alas for me
poco little; pl. few; a los pocos días after a few days; poco antes shortly before; poco después shortly after
podemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of poder
podenco m. hound; digo que podencos I say hounds
poder to be able, can
poder m. power
poderoso powerful
podía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of poder
podían 3 pl. imp. ind. of poder; nada podían they could do nothing, were powerless
podré 1 sing. fut. ind. podría 1 and 3 sing. cond. of poder
polvo m. dust
pollo m. chicken
ponderado p. p. of ponderar
ponderar to praise highly
poner to put; ponerse to get, become; ponerse en camino to set out; poner en libertad to set free; poner la mesa to set the table
poniente m. West
por for, by, through, for the sake of, in exchange for; por entre among; por allí over there; por ciento per cent; por entonces at that time
porción f. portion
porfía f. obstinacy; obsequiaron a porfía they rivalled each other in showing attentions
porfiar to insist
porfió 3 sing. pret. ind. of porfiar
porque because
porqué, por qué why
posada f. inn, hotel
posadera f. landlady, innkeeper's wife
poseer to possess, own
poseía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. poseo 1 sing. pres. ind. of poseer
posible possible
potro m. colt
prado m. meadow, field
preceder to precede
precedido p. p. of preceder
precio m. price
precioso precious
precisamente exactly
preciso necessary
preferir to prefer
prefiero 1 sing. pres. ind. of preferir
pregunta f. question; hacer una pregunta to ask a question
pregunta 3 sing. pres. ind. preguntando pres. p. of preguntar
preguntar to ask
preguntaré 1 sing. fut. ind. preguntaron 3 pl. pret. ind. preguntó 3 sing. pret. ind. of preguntar
prendero m. pawnbroker
preparar to prepare
preparó 3 sing. pret. ind. of preparar
presencia f. presence
presentaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. presentando pres. p. of presentar
presentar to present
presentarás 2 sing. fut. ind. of presentar
presente present
presentó 3 sing. pret. ind. of presentar
preso imprisoned; m. prisoner
prestar to lend
presto 1 sing. pres. ind. of prestar
primer, primero first
primor m. excellence, dexterity
princesa f. princess
principal principal, chief
príncipe m. prince
prisa f. hurry, haste; tener prisa to be in a hurry
prisionero m. prisoner
probable probable
probado p. p. of probar
probar to try, taste
probó 3 sing. pret. ind. of probar
profundamente deeply
promesa f. promise
prometer to promise
prometido p. p. prometí 1 sing. pret. ind. prometió 3 sing. pret. ind. of prometer
pronto soon; tan pronto como as soon as
propio own; same
provincia f. province
provisto (de) provided (with)
próximo next
pudiera 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of poder; si yo pudiera if I could (might)
pudieran 3 pl. imp. subj. of poder; pudieran Vds. you might be able
pudo 3 sing. pret. ind. of poder
pueblo m. village, town; people
pueda 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. puede 3 sing. pres. ind. pueden 3 pl. pres. ind. puedes 2 sing. pres. ind. puedo 1 sing. pres. ind. of poder
puerca f. pig
puerco m. pig
puerta f. door, gate
puerto m. port, harbor
pues adv. then, therefore, well; conj. for, since, as; pues bien very well, well then; pues qué well then, what then; pues que since
puesto que since
pulso m. pulse; tomar el pulso to feel the pulse
punto m. point; a punto de on the point of
puñal m. dagger
puro pure
pusieron 3 pl. pret. ind. puso 3 sing. pret. ind. of poner

Q
que rel. pro. who, that, which; lo que what, which; el que he who, the one who; la que she who, the one who
que conj. that; for; than, as; con que so then, so that; que sea let it be; que Alá los guarde may Allah protect you
qué what; how; qué tal what do you think of it; qué bien how well; pues qué what then, well then; y qué and what of that; qué tienes what's the matter with you
quedar, quedarse to remain
quedo quiet
quejido m. moan
quemaban 3 pl. imp. ind. quemado p. p. of quemar
quemar to burn; mandar quemar to order to be burned
querer to wish, want; love
quería 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. querían 3 pl. imp. ind. querido p. p. queriendo pres. p. of querer
quien, quién who; de quien whose; a quien whom
quiera 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. quieras 2 sing. pres. subj. quiere 3 sing. pres. ind. quieres 2 sing. pres. ind. quiero 1 sing. pres. ind. of querer
quieto quiet, still
quinientos five hundred
quisiera 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. of querer; I should like, he would like
quitar, quitarse to take away, take off, remove
quitó 3 sing. pret. ind. of quitar

R
rabia f. rage
raro rare, odd
rayo m. ray, beam
raza f. race
razonable reasonable
real m. (1/4 of a peseta or about 5 cents)
recetado p. p. of recetar
recetar to prescribe
recibido p. p. recibió 3 sing. pret. ind. of recibir
recibir to receive
recibirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of recibir
recluta m. recruit
recoger to get again, pick up
recogeré 1 sing. fut. ind. of recoger
reconocer to recognize
reconoces 2 sing. pres. ind. of reconocer
recorrer to go over, go all through
recorrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of recorrer
recuerdo m. souvenir, remembrance
referir to refer, relate, tell
refirieron 3 pl. pret. ind. refirió 3 sing pret. ind. of referir
regalar to give, present
regalo 1 sing. pres. ind. regaló 3 sing. pret. ind. of regalar
regalo m. present, gift; gratification, regalement
regla f. rule
regocijo m. rejoicing
rehusar to refuse
reloj m. clock, watch
remediar to remedy, help
remedio m. remedy, help
remendando pres. p. of remendar
remendar to mend
remozado p. p. of remozar
remozar to rejuvenate, make young again
remozarán 3 pl. fut. ind. of remozar
rendir, rendirse to surrender
replica 3 sing. pres. ind. of replicar
replicar to reply
replicó 3 sing. pret. ind. of replicar
reposaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of reposar
reposar to rest, repose
reprender to reprove, reprimand
reprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of reprender
requisito m. requisite
rescate m. ransom
resignar to resign; resignarse to be resigned
resistencia f. resistance
resoplido m. snort
responde 3 sing. pres. ind. of responder
responder to answer, reply
respondió 3 sing. pret. ind. of responder
respondiole = le respondió
respuesta f. answer, reply
retroceder to draw back
retrocedió 3 sing. pret. ind. of retroceder
reverdecen 3 pl. pres. ind. of reverdecer
reverdecer to grow green again
revuelta f. return, winding
rey m. king
rico rich; el rico the rich man
rienda f. rein
rigor m. rigor, severity; en rigor to be precise, strictly speaking
río m. river
riqueza f. wealth
robado p. p. of robar
robar to steal
roca f. rock
rodeaban 3 pl. imp. ind. of rodear
rodeado p. p. of rodear; rodeado de surrounded by
rodear to surround
rojo red
Romeo m. Romeo
rostro m. face
rotundamente roundly, positively
rudamente roughly, hard
rudo rough, hard
ruido m. noise

S
sabe 3 sing. pres. ind. saben 3 pl. pres. ind. of saber
saber to know, know how; learn
sabes 2 sing. pres. ind. sabía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. sabían 3 pl. imp. ind. of saber
sabido p. p. of saber; tenga sabido learn, bear in mind
sabio wise; m. wise man, sage
sacar to take out, bring out, put out
sacaron 3 pl. pret. ind. sacó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sacar
sacre m. falcon
sacudió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sacudir
sacudir to shake
sala f. room
salario m. salary, pay
salga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of salir; que salga let him (her) come forth; salga bien o mal whether it prove good or bad
salía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. salido p. p. saliendo pres. p. salieron 3 pl. pret. ind. salió 3 sing. pret. ind. of salir
salir to go out, come out, leave
saltar to leap, jump
saltó 3 sing. pret. ind. of saltar
saludar to greet, salute
saludó 3 sing. pret. ind. of saludar
salvar to save
salvó 3 sing. pret. ind. of salvar
Satanás m. Satan
satisfecho (de or con) satisfied (with)
se reflex pro. himself, herself, themselves, yourself, yourselves; to himself, etc.
se pers. pro. It is used as a substitute for le, les when these are immediately followed by another pronoun of the third person. So se lo means, it to him (her, them, you) Se lo doy I give it to him (her, them, you)
sé 1 sing. pres. ind. of saber
sea 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of ser; que sea let it be
seco dry
secreto m. secret
sed f. thirst; tener sed to be thirsty
seda f. silk
seguía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. seguían 3 pl. imp. ind. of seguir
seguida, en seguida at once, immediately
seguido p. p. of seguir; seguido de followed by
seguir to follow, go on, continue
según according to (as)
segundo second
seis six
semana f. week
senda f. path
sentado p. p. of sentar; seated, sitting
sentar to seat; sentarse to sit down; al sentarse on sitting down
sentencia f. sentence, verdict, judgment
sentía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of sentir
sentimiento m. sentiment, feeling
sentir to feel, regret
sentó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sentar
señalando pres. p. of señalar
señalar to point out
señor m. sir, gentleman, Mr.
señora f. lady, madam, Mrs.
señorita f. young lady, young mistress, Miss
seor popular form of señor
ser to be
será 3 sing. fut. ind. serán 3 pl. fut. ind. seré 1 sing. fut. ind. sería 1 and 3 sing. cond. of ser
serpiente f. serpent, snake
servicio m. service
servidor m. servant, servitor
servir to serve; servir de to serve as
servirá 3 sing. fut. ind. of servir
sesenta sixty
setenta seventy
sí himself, herself, themselves; para sí to himself, etc.; entre sí within himself, etc.
sí yes; contestó que sí he answered yes; dijo que sí he said yes
si if
siempre always; para siempre forever; siempre que whenever
sienta impv. sing. of sentar; siéntate sit down
siento 1 sing. pres. ind. of sentar or sentir
siesta f. siesta, after-dinner nap
siete seven
siguiendo pres. p. of seguir
siguiente following; al día siguiente on the following day
siguieron 3 pl. pret. ind. siguió 3 sing. pret. ind. of seguir
silbo m. hiss
silla f. chair
sin without
sino but, except; sino que but
sintió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sentir
sirviente m. servant
sitio m. place, spot
sobre on, upon, over; sobre todo especially, above all
sol m. sun, sunshine; hace sol the sun is shining, the sun shines; hacía sol the sun shone, was shining
solamente only
soldado m. soldier
soler to be accustomed
solía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of soler
solo alone
sólo only
sombra f. shadow, shade
sombra 3 sing. pres. ind. of sombrar
sombrar to shade
sombrero m. hat
sombrilla f. parasol, sunshade
sonar to sound, play
sonido m. sound
sonó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sonar
sonreir, sonreirse to smile
sonrió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sonreir
soñaba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of soñar
soñar (con) to dream (of)
soñó 3 sing. pret. ind. of soñar
sopa f. soup
sorprender to surprise
sorprendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of sorprender
sospechar to suspect
sostener to sustain, hold
sostenían 3 pl. imp. ind. sostienen 3 pl. pres. ind. of sostener
soy 1 sing. pres. ind. of ser
su pl. sus his, her, its, your, their
subir to go up, climb
subo 1 sing. pres. ind. of subir
suceder to happen
sucedió 3 sing. pret. ind. of suceder
suceso m. event
sudor m. perspiration
suegra f. mother-in-law
suelo 1 sing. pres. ind. of soler
suelo m. floor, ground
sueño m. sleep, dream; en sueños when he was dreaming
suerte f. fate, lot, luck; manner; de aquesta (esta) suerte in this manner
sujetar to hold fast, overpower
sujetó 3 sing. pret. ind. of sujetar
suma f. sum, amount
supo 3 sing. pret. ind. of saber
suponer to suppose; suponerse to be supposed
supremo supreme, critical
sur m. south
suspiraba 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. suspirando pres. p. of suspirar
suspirar to sigh
suyo his, her, its, their, your; el suyo his own, her own, etc.; los suyos your men, his men

T
tal such; tal vez perhaps; qué tal what do you think of it, how are you
talento m. talent, ability
tallo m. stalk, stem
tamaño m. size
también also
tampoco neither, not either
tan so, as
tanto as much, so much; pl. as many, so many; tantas veces so often; otro tanto just as much, as much more
tapa 3 sing. pres. ind. of tapar
tapar to cover, hide
tarde late
tarde f. afternoon, evening; por la tarde in the afternoon
tarea f. task
taza f. cup
te you, to you
temprano early
ten impv. sing. of tener; tente impv. sing. of tenerse stop
tender to stretch, stretch out
tendido p. p. of tender; a galope tendido at full gallop
tendrían 3 pl. cond. of tener
tenedor m. fork
tenemos 1 pl. pres. ind. of tener
tener to have, hold; tenerse to stop; tener cuidado to be careful, to be alarmed; tener hambre to be hungry; tener mucha hambre to be very hungry; tener miedo to be afraid; tener palabra to keep one's word; tener prisa to be in a hurry; tener que to have to, must; qué tienes what's the matter with you; cuántos años tenía how old he (she) was
tenga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tener; tenga sabido learn, bear in mind
tengas 2 sing. pres. subj. tengo 1 sing. pres. ind. tenía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. tenían 3 pl. imp. ind. tenido p. p. of tener
tercer, tercero third
término m. term
tesoro m. treasure
testamento m. will
testigo m. and f. witness
tiempo m. time; weather; con
el tiempo in the course of time; mucho tiempo a long time; hace mal tiempo it's bad weather; hace mucho tiempo a long time ago
tienda f. shop, store
tienen 3 pl. pres. ind. tienes 2 sing. pres. ind. of tener
tierno tender; pan tierno fresh bread
tierra f. earth, land
tigre m. tiger
tirar to throw
tiritando pres. p. of tiritar
tiritar (de) to tremble, shake (with)
tiró 3 sing. pret. ind. of tirar
tocar to touch; play (musical instrument)
tocó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tocar
todavía still, yet
todo all, each; everything; todos los hombres every man; sobre todo especially, above all
toma impv. sing. tomando pres. p. of tomar
tomar to take; (of soup) to eat; tomarse to eat up; tomar el pulso to feel the pulse
tome 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tomar; tómela Vd. take it
tomó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tomar
tontería f. foolish action
tonto foolish; m. and f. fool
toque 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of tocar
torrente m. torrent
trabaja 3 sing. pres. ind. of trabajar
trabajar to work
trabajo 1 sing. pres. ind. of trabajar
trabajo m. work
traer to bring
traes 2 sing. pres. ind. traía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of traer
traiga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of traer; tráigame bring me
trajese 1 and 3 sing. imp. subj. trajo 3 sing. pret. ind. of traer
tranquilizar to calm, reassure; tranquilizarse to be reassured
tranquilizó 3 sing. pret. ind. of tranquilizar
transformado p. p. of transformar
transformar to transform, change
tras behind, after
tratar (de) to try (to)
trate 1 and 3 sing, pres, subj. trató 3 sing. pret. ind. of tratar
trazar to draw, trace
tres three
treinta thirty; treinta y cinco thirty-five
trigo m. wheat
triste sad
tristemente sadly
tristeza f. sadness, grief
tronco m. trunk
tu your
tú you
tumbado lying at ease
tunante m. rogue, rascal; médico tunante roguish physician
turista m. tourist

U
último last, latest; por último at last, finally
un, uno, una a, an, one; la una one o'clock
unos some
usted, ustedes you
usura f. usury
utilidad f. utility
uvas f. pl. grapes

V
va 3 sing. pres. ind. of ir; cómo le va how are you; bien va first-rate
vaca f. cow
vadeable fordable
vado m. ford
vale 3 sing. pres. ind. of valer; más vale it is better, worth more
valer to be worth
valga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of valer
valiente brave
valor m. value, bravery
valle m. valley
vamos 1 pl. pres. ind. or impv. of ir; we go, let us go; excl. come
van 3 pl. pres. ind. of ir
vano vain
variedad f. variety
vario various, varied; pl. several
vas 2 sing. pres. ind. of ir
vaso m. glass
vaya 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. of ir; excl. I say, I tell you, come
Vd. Vds. (abbreviations of usted, ustedes) you
ve 3 sing. pres. ind. of ver
V. E. (Vuestra Excelencia) your Excellency
vecina f. neighbor
veían 3 pl. imp. ind. of ver
veloz swift
vencer to conquer, overcome
vencido p. p. of vencer
vende impv. sing. venden 3 pl. pres. ind. of vender
vender to sell
vendimia f. vintage, time for gathering grapes
vendió 3 sing. pret. ind. of vender
vendrán 3 pl. fut. ind. vendría 1 and 3 sing. cond. venga 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. vengo 1 sing. pres. ind. venía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. of venir
venida f. coming
venido p. p. of venir
venir to come
ventana f. window
veo 1 sing. pres. ind. of ver
ver to see; al ver on seeing
verá 3 sing. fut. ind. of ver
verano m. summer
veras; de veras really, truly, indeed
verás 2 sing. fut. ind. of ver
verdad f. truth; es verdad it is true
vestido m. dress; pl. clothes
vestido p. p. of vestir
vez f. time; una vez once; tantas veces so often; en vez de instead of; tal vez perhaps; a veces at times; otra vez again; muchas veces often; dos veces twice
vida f. life, living
vieja f. old woman
viejísimo very old
viejo old; m. old man
viendo pres. p. of ver
viene 3 sing. pres. ind. of venir; el año que viene next year
vienen 3 pl. pres. ind. of venir
viento m. wind
vieron 3 pl. pret. ind. of ver
vinagre m. vinegar
vino m. wine
vino 3 sing. pret. ind. of venir
viña f. vineyard
vio 3 sing. pret. ind. of ver
violencia f. violence
visitar to visit
visitó 3 sing. pret. ind. of visitar
visto p. p. of ver
vive 3 sing. pres. ind. vivía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. vivían 3 pl. imp. ind. viviendo pres. p. vivieron 3 pl. pret. ind. vivió 3 sing. pret. ind. of vivir
vivir to live; vivir al día to live from hand to mouth
vivo live, alive, lively
volaba 3 sing. imp. ind. of volar
volar to fly
volvamos 1 pl. pres. subj. of volver
volver to turn, return; volver a again; vuelve a ser he becomes again
volverán 3 pl. fut. ind. volveré 1 sing. fut. ind. volvía 1 and 3 sing. imp. ind. volvieran 3 pl. imp. subj. volvieron 3 pl. pret. ind. volvió 3 sing. pret. ind. of volver
voy 1 sing. pres. ind. of ir
voz f. voice
vuela 3 sing. pres. ind. vuelo 1 sing. pres. ind. of volar
vuelta f. turn, return
vuelva 1 and 3 sing. pres. subj. vuelve 3 sing. pres. ind. of volver
vuestro your

Y
y and
ya already, now; ya no, no ... ya no longer; ya lo comprendo now I understand, I understand it all very well; ya que now that; ya lo creo well I should think so
yendo pres. p. of ir
yo I

Z
zagal m. shepherd
zapatería f. shoemaker's trade or shop
zapatero m. shoemaker
zapato m. shoe
Zaragoza f. Saragossa
zorra f. fox